Online, Social Participatory Index:

Audience Theory Media effects Facts-Sheet:




1) Yes I play 'violent video games' however they do not change my behaviour in the outside world and do not contribute to making me more violent.
2) The four categories are: Direct Effects, Diffusion, Indirect and The Pluralist Approach
3) If someone watches a violence, it will make them behave violently or accept violent behaviour.
Child's Play - The murder of Jamie Bulger
Mariyln Manson - The Columbine High School Shootings
Natural Born Killers - a number of murders committed by romantically linked couples.
4) The Columbine Massacre was a high school shooting in Colorado. The two killers were members of a group of social outcasts that were fascinated by goth culture or had been influenced by violent video games and music. The media reported these factors to be the cause of their shooting.
5)

• The ease of access to firearms and the social acceptance of gun ownership
• The alienation felt by teenagers who felt as though they did not fit in
• The hopelessness caused by living in an area where unemployment was high and was economically disadvantaged
• The general desensitisation caused by access to a range of violent images: Film, TV,  the news, the internet

6) According to this theory, while any one media text does not have too much effect, repeated exposure to certain ideas and values may make the audience less critical of the ideas presented as they appear 'normal'.

7) The idea that children under the age of 5 are constantly watching TV for multiple hours a day has now become 'normal' to people in society. People may watch TV for longer periods a day when watching a show and the idea of watching TV for a long period of time has naturally become normal over time and has now affected children under the age of 5 and is now seen as 'normal' in today's society.

8) The fact sheet suggests that in action films the audience accepts the violence as reasonable and correct because of the hero's motivation and morals, however it questions whether violence is acceptable through questions such as: Is it acceptable to act violently if someone threatens a state they think is corrupt or is it good if a villain kills someone to protect his family?

9) A judgement is being made about the mass audience as they are assumed to be easily led and not perceptive or self-aware. The individual nature of the members of the audience is not taken into account.

10) Love Thy Neighbour appears to many modern viewers, racist and offensive. Times have changed and so have people's attitudes and values. As times progressed people have becomes more sensitive to racial slurs and comments which may have been considered humour in the past however today it is considered racist and offensive. The dominant reading for Love Thy Neighbour would be a funny comedy show that aims to entertain people, the negotiated reading would be a quite offensive but funny humour used throughout the show and the oppositional reading would be a racist and offensive show that uses racist comments and humour.

11) 

12) The cultivation theory is the most convincing as it is the theory that makes most sense and has seen to be correct so far for example in the past people may has seen same sex marriage as wrong however in today's modern society it is seem as normal to see same sex couples. The use of media and film constantly mentioning these has made it 'normal' over time in today's society.